Northern Myths and Legends
Study Sheet I: terms, texts, topics & themes

Germanic Prehistory
Linguistic terms
Proto-Indo-Europeans
Indo-European
Proto-Germanic
Great Consonant Shift
Germanic Sound Shift
Old High German
Middle High German
New High German
Old Norse
theodisca / Deutsch

Literary terms
History
Myth
Legend
Folklore
Fairy Tale
Heroic Saga
Alliteration
Verse Forms:
Ljodahattr

fornyrdislag
Wisdom Poetry
Flyting
Kenning
Fornaldar sagas
Icelandic family sagas

Early Germanic History
Tacitus, Germania (100 AD)
Germanic Tribes
Cimbri and Teutoni
Age of Migrations or Völkerwanderung
Goths, Vandals, Burgundians
Franks, Allemani, Lombards
Angles, Saxons, Jutes
Aryan Christians
Merseburg Charms
Lay of Hildrbrand
Futhark
Runes and Rune stones

Norse Cosmology
Yggdrasil
Asgard
Vanaheim
Midgard / Middle Earth
Niflheim / Mist-hell
Valhalla
Jotunheim
Vigrid
Bifrost
Ginunngagap
Ymir the first frost giant
creation of the world
cosmogenic or aetiological myth
Cow Audhumla
Ask and Embla – the first people
Mjollnir, Draupnir, Skidbladnir, Gungnir

Germanic Gods
From Tacitus, Germania
Tuisto
Mannus
Nerthus
Ingvaones, Hermiones, and Istavones
Roman equivalents:
Mars – Tyr
Mercury – Wodan
Hercules – Donar

Æsir and Vanir (Norse mythology)
Buri, Bor and Bestla – giants (?)
Odin, Vili and Ve – first gods
Tiu / Tyr
Wodan / Odin
Donar / Thor
Freyr
Baldr
Loki
Njord
Bragi
Ægir
Heimdall
Hod
Hœnir
Kvasir
Goddesses
Gullveig
Frigg
Freyja
Sif
Idunn
Sigyn
Skadi
Gefion
Gerd
Nanna
Ran
the Norns

Valkyries

Other Creatures / People
Frost-, Ice-, and Fire-Giants
Angrboda
Hymir
Surt
Trolls
Dwarfs and Elves
Fenrir / Fenris wolf
Jormugand / Midgard Serpent
Hel
Sleipnir
Hugin and Munin
Geri and Freki
Berserkrs
Lawspeakers
Godi
Skraelings

Terms from Norse Myth
Ragnarok
Lif and Lifthrasir
Einherjar
Baldr’s dream
Baldr’s death
Lokasenna
Finbulvetr
Rigsthula
Thrall, Karl, and Jarl
Euhemerism
Seeress / Volva
Holmganga

The Norse Works
Elder (Poetic) Edda
Codex Regius
Gylfaginning
Skaldskaparmal
Snorri Sturluson, Edda
Voluspa
Havamal
Grimnismal
Vafthrudnismal
Skirnir’s Journey
Hymiskvida
Thrymskvida
Alvismal
Song of Hyndla
Lay of Harbard
Vinland sagas
Eiriks saga rauða
Grœnlindinga saga
Helluland, Markland, Vinland

Themes and Topics
Fate, Luck and Destiny
Foreshadowing, dreams, omens, geis
Vengeance and/or compensation
Loyalty
Honor and Prestige
Courage and Fearlessness
Self-reliance and Violence
Obligations to Family and Clan
Jealousy and Envy
Poetry and Poets (Skalds)
Erotic Love
Guilt, conceptions of evil
Gold / wealth
Battle and Warfare
Wisdom, wisdom contests
Magic (Seidr), Sorcery & Prophesy
Incest and Social Taboos
Conversion and missionaries
Heroic vs. Christian Ethos
Valkyries and shield-maidens
Voyages of settlement and discovery
Transition from oral to literary history
Transition from poetry to prose
History, Legend, and Myth

List of Main Characters
Snorri, Skaldskaparmal
Kvasir
Fialar and Galar
Suttung
Bolverk
Gunnlod
Hrolfs saga kraka
King Hrolf Kraki
Queen Olof
Yrsa
King Adils
Skuld
Queen Hvit
Bodvar Bjarki
Hjalti
Svipdag
Hrani
Gautreks saga

Starkad
Grani Horsehair
King Vikar
Earl Neri
Gift-Ref
Njals saga
Mord Gigja
Unn

Hrut
Gunnar
Hallgerd
Thjostolf
Thorgerd
Thrain Sigfusson
Njal and Bergthora
Skarphedin, Grim, Helgi
Hoskuld Hvitanes-godi
Hildigunn
Kari Sigmundarson
Flosi
Thangbrand the Missionary
Thorgeir the Godi, Lawspeaker
Vinland sagas

Eirik the Red
Lief the Lucky
Freydis Eiriksdottir

Gudrid and Thorfinn Karlsefni